Sahir Ludhianvi and Filmi Adab: When Cinema Became Literature 1: Introduction In Urdu literature and Indian film poetry, if one poet successfully combined thought, protest, and aesthetics, it was Sahir Ludhianvi. Sahir transformed film poetry from mere entertainment into a voice of social consciousness, human suffering, and resistance against injustice. For him, a film song was also literature—the only difference was that its audience sat in cinema halls instead of literary gatherings. 2: Intellectual Background Sahir was closely associated with the Progressive Writers’ Movement, which is why protest accompanies romance in his poetry. He strongly criticized war, capitalism, religious hypocrisy, and social inequality. This ideological depth is equally visible in his film lyrics, setting him apart from other lyricists of his time. 3: Concept of Filmi Adab Filmi Adab refers to poetry that reaches the masses through cinema while maintaining literary dignity. Sahir refused to ...
Energy Crisis in Pakistan Introduction From our childhood we see energy crises and loadsheding in pakistan.Pakistan's energy sector has faced chronic challenges, leading to severe energy crises that impact the daily lives of millions. The major components contributing to this crisis include inefficient power generation, transmission losses, the role of Independent Power Producers (IPPs), load shedding, and overbilling issues. Understanding these factors is crucial for devising solutions that can ensure a stable energy supply for the country. The Role of IPPs in Pakistan's Energy Sector Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have played a significant role in Pakistan’s energy landscape since their introduction in the 1990s. These private sector entities were brought in to address the shortfall in power generation by investing in new power plants and selling electricity to the national grid. Advantages of IPPs: Increased Capacity: IPPs have contributed significantly to th...
