history of afghanistan,s intervention in pakistan افغانستان کی پاکستان میں مداخلت کی تاریخ Phases of Afghanistan’s intervention in Pakistan Early post-Partition era (late 1940s-1950s) A.Afghanistan was the only country to vote against Pakistan’s entry into the United Nations after 1947 — partly because of the border and Pashtunistan issues. B.In 1955 there were riots in Afghanistan directed at Pakistan’s embassy/consulates, triggered by Kabul’s objection to Pakistan’s “One Unit” administrative scheme (which merged various provinces, including those with Pashtun majorities). C.These dynamics show early intervention via diplomatic/propaganda means rather than large-scale military invasion. 1960s: Border skirmishes and armed conflict A.The so-called Bajaur Campaign (1960-61) was an armed confrontation: Afghan forces and Pashtun nationalist proxies invaded/entered the Bajaur region (in what is now Pakistan) near the border. Afghanistan backing tribal opposition. B....
Energy Crisis in Pakistan Introduction From our childhood we see energy crises and loadsheding in pakistan.Pakistan's energy sector has faced chronic challenges, leading to severe energy crises that impact the daily lives of millions. The major components contributing to this crisis include inefficient power generation, transmission losses, the role of Independent Power Producers (IPPs), load shedding, and overbilling issues. Understanding these factors is crucial for devising solutions that can ensure a stable energy supply for the country. The Role of IPPs in Pakistan's Energy Sector Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have played a significant role in Pakistan’s energy landscape since their introduction in the 1990s. These private sector entities were brought in to address the shortfall in power generation by investing in new power plants and selling electricity to the national grid. Advantages of IPPs: Increased Capacity: IPPs have contributed significantly to th...
