Three Tragic Voices of Urdu Poetry: Shakeb Jalali, Mustafa Zaidi, and Sara Shagufta Introduction Urdu literature has produced some of the most sensitive and powerful poetic voices in South Asia. Among these, three poets stand out not only for their remarkable work but also for the tragic way their lives ended. Shakeb Jalali, Mustafa Zaidi, and Sara Shagufta each brought a unique style and perspective to Urdu poetry, but all three died by suicide, leaving behind a legacy of unfulfilled potential and haunting verse. Shakeb Jalali (1934–1966) Shakeb Jalali, born Syed Hassan Rizvi, was a deeply introspective poet whose work explored themes of alienation, pain, and the search for identity. Despite his limited output, his ghazals and nazms resonated with an intensity rarely seen in Urdu poetry. On 12 November 1966, at the age of 32, Jalali committed suicide by throwing himself in front of a train near Sargodha. His poetry, full of raw emotion, has since become symbolic of the stru...
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) History The **Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)** was officially founded on **June 15, 2001**, as a regional political, economic, and security alliance. Its origins lie in the **Shanghai Five**, which was established in **1996** by **China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan**. The group's initial focus was to build trust and cooperation on military and border issues among these nations. The shift towards deeper cooperation occurred in **2001** when **Uzbekistan** joined the group, transforming it into the SCO. The primary goals of the organization expanded to include fostering regional security, counterterrorism efforts, and promoting economic collaboration. Over time, the SCO evolved into a platform for addressing common challenges in areas like energy, trade, and security across **Central Asia**. Key historical milestones include: 1. Early Years (1996–2000): The Shanghai Five countries signed agreements to reduce mi...