Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) History The **Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)** was officially founded on **June 15, 2001**, as a regional political, economic, and security alliance. Its origins lie in the **Shanghai Five**, which was established in **1996** by **China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan**. The group's initial focus was to build trust and cooperation on military and border issues among these nations. The shift towards deeper cooperation occurred in **2001** when **Uzbekistan** joined the group, transforming it into the SCO. The primary goals of the organization expanded to include fostering regional security, counterterrorism efforts, and promoting economic collaboration. Over time, the SCO evolved into a platform for addressing common challenges in areas like energy, trade, and security across **Central Asia**. Key historical milestones include: 1. Early Years (1996–2000): The Shanghai Five countries signed agreements to reduce

World peace and Gaza,stop genocide World Peace and Gaza 1. Introduction - Definition of world peace and its relevance in modern conflicts - Gaza as a focal point of conflict in the Middle East - The challenges of achieving peace in regions of ongoing conflict - Thesis statement: Examining the Gaza conflict through the lens of global peace efforts 2. Historical Context of Gaza - Ancient history and its geopolitical significance - The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: origins and development - Key events in the 20th century (Balfour Declaration, 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Six-Day War, etc.) - Establishment of the Gaza Strip after 1967 - The role of international actors (UN, Arab League, Western powers) 3. The Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza - Living conditions in Gaza: blockade, economy, and infrastructure - Impact on civilians: health, education, and displacement - Psychological trauma and generational impacts - Efforts of NGOs and humanitarian o

Khatem e Nubuwat (Finality of Prophethood),7th September 1974,A Historic day. On September 7, 1974, Pakistan's National Assembly passed a historic constitutional amendment declaring the (Ahmadiyya)Qadiani/mirzai community as non-Muslims. This day is significant in Pakistan's history, as it marked a turning point in the country's religious and political landscape regarding the issue of "Khatm-e-Nubuwwat" (the finality of the Prophethood). Background: 1. Khatm-e-Nubuwwat (Finality of Prophethood): The concept of "Khatm-e-Nubuwwat" is a fundamental tenet of Islamic belief, which holds that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the last and final prophet of Islam. The belief in the finality of Prophethood is considered central to the faith, and any claim of prophethood after Muhammad (PBUH) is rejected in mainstream Islam. 2. The (Ahmadiyya)Qadiani/Mirzai Controversy: The Ahmadiyya/qadiani/Mirzai community, founded in the late 19th century by Mirza Ghulam

MANZAR POEM #manzar,#pakistanday,#independence,#quadeazam,#migarat Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is one of the most significant figures in the history of South Asia and the founder of Pakistan. Here is an overview of his life and legacy: Early Life Born: December 25, 1876, in Karachi, then part of British India. Family: Jinnah belonged to a merchant family. His father, Jinnahbhai Poonja, was a prosperous businessman. Education: He initially studied in Karachi and Bombay (now Mumbai) before going to England to study law at Lincoln's Inn in London, where he became the youngest Indian to be called to the Bar at the age of 19. Political Career Entry into Politics: Jinnah began his political career in the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1906, advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity and Indian self-rule. Role in Muslim League: By 1913, Jinnah joined the All India Muslim League, which he would later lead. He became a staunch advocate for the rights of Muslims in India. Archi

Google's history Google's history is a fascinating journey from a university research project to one of the most influential companies in the world. Here's an overview of its key milestones: 1. Founding and Early Years (1996-1998) **1996**: Google began as a research project by **Larry Page** and **Sergey Brin**, Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Initially, it was called **BackRub** due to its use of backlinks to determine site importance. **1997**: The project was renamed **Google**, a play on the mathematical term "googol," which refers to the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, symbolizing the goal to organize vast amounts of information. **1998**: Google was officially founded on September 4, 1998. The company was initially run out of a garage in Menlo Park, California, with the help of Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim, who provided the first investment of $100,000. 2. Rapid Growth and Innovation (1999-2004) **1999**: G

Kitab e ishaq to brson se likh raha hoon mn #kitabeishaq #کتابعشق#dooroflove #purelove#selfpurification Afzal Shakeel Sandhu poignantly captures the essence of unrequited love and the enduring longing for a union that remains elusive. The poet uses the metaphor of writing a "Kitab-e-Ishq" (Book of Love) to express his continuous journey through the different stages of love. Despite his efforts and the passage of time, he confesses that he has never been able to write the chapter on "Visaal" (Union). This reflects a deep sense of incompleteness and a lingering desire for a connection that has yet to be fulfilled. The verse beautifully conveys the universal human experience of longing and the ache of an unfulfilled heart. afzalshakeel123@gmail.com afzalshakeel.blogspot.com https://youtu.be/0TwPob0sg6o https://youtu.be/BOCbIGCRRGk https://youtu.be/6fZqGniWp1k #kitabeishaq #doooflove #romanticexpressions #visaal #purelove #heartfeltemotions #کتابعشق #se

Energy Crisis in Pakistan Introduction From our childhood we see energy crises and loadsheding in pakistan.Pakistan's energy sector has faced chronic challenges, leading to severe energy crises that impact the daily lives of millions. The major components contributing to this crisis include inefficient power generation, transmission losses, the role of Independent Power Producers (IPPs), load shedding, and overbilling issues. Understanding these factors is crucial for devising solutions that can ensure a stable energy supply for the country. The Role of IPPs in Pakistan's Energy Sector Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have played a significant role in Pakistan’s energy landscape since their introduction in the 1990s. These private sector entities were brought in to address the shortfall in power generation by investing in new power plants and selling electricity to the national grid. Advantages of IPPs: Increased Capacity: IPPs have contributed significantly to

The martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA) holds a special place in our hearts. The event of his martyrdom took place in Karbala, where he sacrificed his life, along with his family and companions, for the sake of truth and justice. This incident is of immense significance in Islamic history and offers a profound lesson for Muslims. The Battle of Karbala The Battle of Karbala occurred on the 10th of Muharram, 61 AH (680 AD), known as the Day of Ashura. Led by Imam Hussain (RA), a group of 72 individuals, including his family members and close companions, stood resolutely against the army of Yazid. Despite extreme thirst, hunger, and a severe shortage of water, Imam Hussain (AS) and his companions fought bravely to uphold the principles of Islam. They faced not only defeat in battle but also the desecration of their bodies by Yazid's forces. Imam Hussain's (RA) monumental sacrifice has set an enduring example of resistance against tyranny and oppression. The Message of Imam H

If the recent SSC results in Punjab show that all the position holders are from public schools, this indicates a significant shift in the performance and quality of education provided by these institutions. Here's a revised analysis based on this information: Public Schools 1. Accessibility: Public schools remain more accessible to a broader segment of the population due to lower or no tuition fees. 2. Improved Quality: The fact that all position holders are from public schools suggests a marked improvement in the quality of education, teaching methodologies, and resource allocation in these institutions. 3. Government Initiatives: This success could be attributed to recent government initiatives aimed at enhancing the quality of public education, including better teacher training programs, improved infrastructure, and increased funding. 4. SSC Results: The outstanding SSC results from public school students indicate that these schools can compete with, and even outperf

kisi ghareeb ki ezat luti to mn roya nizam e jabr ko taqat mili to mn roya This poignant couplet reflects the deep sorrow and emotional turmoil experienced when witnessing the violation of a poor person's dignity and the empowerment of an oppressive system. It captures the essence of social injustice and the empathetic response to human suffering. Through its heartfelt expression, the couplet highlights the stark realities of societal issues, evoking a powerful call for awareness and change.

Summer Vocations summer vacations are held in all punjab on 1st june 2024. Summer Vacation from May 25, 2024(25 may too 31 may due to heat wave), to August 14, 2024, in Punjab, Pakistan: Summer vacations are a much-anticipated break for students and families alike. In Punjab, Pakistan, the summer vacation period from May 25, 2024, to August 14, 2024, provides a significant respite from the intense heat and a valuable opportunity for rest, exploration, and enrichment. This essay explores the various dimensions of summer vacations in Punjab, their impact on students and families, and the potential activities and experiences that can make this period enjoyable and productive. The Significance of Summer Vacations Summer vacations in Punjab hold particular significance due to the extreme temperatures that can soar above 40 degrees Celsius. This break helps in shielding students from the harsh weather, reducing the risk of heat-related illnesses. Additionally, it offers a brea

I met with many persons,they are not satisfied with this medical system especially the behaviore of Doctors.While medical science has brought about tremendous advances in healthcare, leading to longer and healthier lives, it also has several disadvantages. Here are some of the main concerns: 1. Ethical Issues: Genetic Engineering and Cloning: Advances in genetic engineering and cloning raise significant ethical questions about the extent to which humans should interfere with natural processes. The potential for "designer babies" and the use of cloning for organ harvesting are particularly controversial. Stem Cell Research: While promising for treatment of various diseases, the use of embryonic stem cells involves the destruction of embryos, raising moral and ethical concerns. End-of-Life Decisions: Medical advancements have complicated decisions around end-of-life care, such as the use of life support and euthanasia, leading to ethical dilemmas about the quality of lif