Winter Diseases: Malaria – Causes, Symptoms & Prevention Warch my exclusive interview Many people think malaria is only a summer disease, but the reality is that malaria cases also rise in winter, especially in regions where mosquitoes survive in mild cold temperatures. Understanding the causes and prevention can help protect families during the colder months. What is Malaria? Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It spreads when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, transferring the parasite into their bloodstream. Why Malaria Appears in Winter Even though mosquito activity often decreases in cold months, several factors allow malaria to continue spreading: ✔ 1. Indoor Mosquito Breeding In winter, mosquitoes hide in warm places inside homes, drains, storerooms, and bathrooms. ✔ 2. Stagnant Water Water stored in tanks, buckets, and containers during winter becomes a breeding site. ✔ 3. Temperature Fluctuati...
imunity system of human beings ?
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing infections. Here are key components and functions of the human immune system:
Specific response tailored to each pathogen.
Involves T cells (cell-mediated immunity) and B cells (antibody-mediated immunity).
Immunological memory allows for a faster response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.
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Sufficient and quality sleep is crucial for a well-functioning immune system.
Components of the Immune System:
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Neutrophils: Phagocytic cells that engulf and digest pathogens. Lymphocytes: Including T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, which play roles in adaptive and innate immunity. Monocytes/Macrophages: Phagocytic cells that ingest and break down pathogens. Lymphoid Organs:Thymus: Where T cells mature
Bone Marrow: Site of blood cell production, including B cells and some immune system components. Spleen and Lymph Nodes:Spleen
Filters blood and removes damaged blood cells. Lymph Nodes: Bean-shaped structures that filter lymphatic fluid, trapping and destroying pathogens. Immune Molecules:Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
Proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific pathogens. Cytokines: Signaling molecules that coordinate immune responses.Complement System:
A group of proteins that enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy pathogens. Functions of the Immune System:Recognition and Differentiation:
Ability to distinguish between the body's own cells (self) and foreign invaders (non-self).
Barriers:
Physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes prevent pathogens from entering the body.Innate Immunity:
Immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms that include phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, and inflammation.Adaptive Immunity:
Immunological Memory:
After an initial exposure to a pathogen, the immune system "remembers" and mounts a quicker and more effective response upon re-exposure.Tolerance:
Ability to recognize and tolerate the body's own cells, preventing the immune system from attacking healthy tissues (autoimmune reactions). Factors Influencing Immune Function: Nutrition: Adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamins A, C, D, and zinc, is important for immune function.Sleep:
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Sufficient and quality sleep is crucial for a well-functioning immune system.
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