Sahir Ludhianvi and Filmi Adab: When Cinema Became Literature 1: Introduction In Urdu literature and Indian film poetry, if one poet successfully combined thought, protest, and aesthetics, it was Sahir Ludhianvi. Sahir transformed film poetry from mere entertainment into a voice of social consciousness, human suffering, and resistance against injustice. For him, a film song was also literature—the only difference was that its audience sat in cinema halls instead of literary gatherings. 2: Intellectual Background Sahir was closely associated with the Progressive Writers’ Movement, which is why protest accompanies romance in his poetry. He strongly criticized war, capitalism, religious hypocrisy, and social inequality. This ideological depth is equally visible in his film lyrics, setting him apart from other lyricists of his time. 3: Concept of Filmi Adab Filmi Adab refers to poetry that reaches the masses through cinema while maintaining literary dignity. Sahir refused to ...
history of punjabi language ?
The Punjabi language has a rich history that spans over many centuries. Here is a brief overview of the history of the Punjabi language:Ancient Roots:
The roots of Punjabi can be traced back to the ancient Indo-Aryan languages. Over time, various dialects evolved in the region that is now known as Punjab, which is situated in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.Script Evolution:
Punjabi has been historically written in various scripts, including the Gurmukhi script, which was developed by the Sikh Guru Angad Dev Ji in the 16th century. Before Gurmukhi, Punjabi was written in the Shahmukhi script, which is a version of the Persian script.Influence of Persian and Arabic:
Due to historical interactions with Persian and Arabic cultures, Punjabi has borrowed words and expressions from these languages. This influence is particularly noticeable in the vocabulary of Punjabi.Sufi and Bhakti Poetry:
During the medieval period, Punjabi literature flourished, especially with the rise of Sufi and Bhakti movements. Sufi poets like Baba Farid and Bulleh Shah and Bhakti poets like Guru Nanak Dev Ji contributed significantly to the development of Punjabi literature and language.Folk Punjab - Punjabi Poetry
Mughal and British Periods:
During the Mughal and later British periods, Punjabi continued to evolve. The British colonial administration used Punjabi as a language of administration, and this period had an impact on the language's structure and vocabulary.Partition of 1947:
The partition of British India in 1947 had a significant impact on the Punjabi-speaking population, leading to the creation of the modern states of India and Pakistan. The majority of Punjabi speakers reside in the Indian state of Punjab and the Pakistani province of Punjab.Standardization and Modern Usage:
Gurmukhi script is now the standard writing system for Punjabi in India, while Shahmukhi is used in Pakistan. Punjabi is one of the official languages of both India and Pakistan. In recent years, efforts have been made to standardize and promote Punjabi in education and media.Global Presence:
Punjabi is spoken not only in India and Pakistan but also by Punjabi diaspora communities around the world. Emigrants from the Punjab region have settled in various countries, contributing to the global presence of the Punjabi language and culture. Punjabi continues to be a vibrant and evolving language, reflecting the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Punjab region.
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